When it comes to pointing out animals, some Costa Ricans can be extremely unspecific. Sometimes it seems that all small or rodent-like animals are referred to as zorros (foxes), and most everything else is simply referred to as a bicho. However, the reality is that the Spanish or indigenous American terms for these creatures are nothing short of fascinating. Hereโs a glimpse at the amazing lexicon thatโs been created for Costa Ricaโs wide array of creatures.
1. Montezuma Oropendola (Psarocolius montezuma)
Watch theย oropendula mating ritual:
Montezuma oropendolas are known to be lavish when it comes to breeding. Males weave giant hanging structures to nest their eggs, and since the birds breed in colonies, one tree can hold up to 100 nests. And theย male oropendolaโs also elaborate breeding display that gives the birds its name. Before mating, a dominant male completes a complicated series of bows on a tree branch, by leaning far over the branchโs edge, falling forward and swinging back. The swinging motion, combined with the golden underside of the birdโs tail makes the bird resemble a golden pendulum, or oropendola in Spanish.
2. Terciopelo/fer-de-lance (Bothrops asper)

Lindsay Fendt/The Tico Times
Due to its aggressive behavior and highly toxic venom, the Terciopelo causes more injuries and fatalities than any snake in Costa Rica. In English, the snake is usually referred to by its French name, fer-de-lance, which means โiron of the lance.โ Strangely, the Spanish name for this fearsome snake is just about the opposite. The Spanish word terciopeloย means velvet, which is a reference to the snakeโs soft and silky skin.
3. Serafรญn del platanar/silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus)

(Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)
Common in the rainforests of Central and South America, the arboreal silky anteater is the worldโs smallest anteater. While its English name refers to its soft fur, the Spanish name,serafรญn del platanar, is rooted in myth. In both Judaism and Christianity, Seraphs, orSerafรญn in Spanish, are high-ranking angels. The anteaterโs name can be translated to angel of the banana plantation, and is likely a reference toย indigenousย beliefs that the silky anteater guides the souls of the dead to heaven.
4. Armadillo Zopilote/Northern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous centralis)

(Courtesy of Flickr)
There is something creepy about the Northern naked-tailed armadillo. At least, thatโs what indigenous people throughout Central and South America always thought. The armadillo was considered a death omen, and armadillo zopilote translates to buzzard armadillo. Since this armadillo neither looks like a buzzard nor feeds on carrion, its reputation as a harbinger of death is likelyย the source of the name.
5. Tepezcuintle/Paca (Agouti paca)

(Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)
These giant rodents can be found throughout Costa Rica. Though the creature is known under different names it is most commonly referred to as paca in English and tepezcuintlein Spanish. Tepezcuintle comes from the ancient Aztec language, Nahuatl, and means mountain dog.
6. Jaguar (Panthera Onca)

(Courtesy of Flickr)
Revered in the mythology of nearly every indigenous group throughout Central and South America, the jaguar is recognized for its strength and stealth. The word jaguar, which is the same in both English and Spanish, comes from the native American word Yaguara, which means pouncing killer.
By Lindsay Fendt for Tico Times column: Into the Wild